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Entering orbit…
Habitability
8/ 100
Uninhabitable
TOI-540 b rendered in TerraForge from its measured mass, orbit and star

TOI-540 b

Also written TOI-540b, TOI 540b, TOI 540 b

Rocky Terrestrial46 light years awayFound 2020
Mass
0.67 × Earth
Radius
0.90 × Earth
Gravity
0.83 g
Surface (est.)
618 K
Year
29.8 hrs
From Earth
45.7 ly
Mass
0.67 × Earth
Radius
0.90 × Earth
Gravity
0.83 g
Surface (est.)
618 K
Year
29.8 hrs
From Earth
45.7 ly

TOI-540 system

Type
M-type (Red Dwarf)
Spectral type
M V
Temperature
3,216 K
Radius
0.19 ☉
Mass
0.159 ☉
Planets
1
Luminosity
3.46e-3 ☉

Published by the NASA Exoplanet Archive. This world’s temperature and habitability score are computed from this star’s measured luminosity, not from a stand-in for its class.

TOI-540 b0.012 AUYou are here0.7 M⊕
Habitable zone

Star and planets drawn to scale: the star is 23 times as wide as TOI-540 b, so only its edge is in view. Orbits spaced as in the star system view.

TOI-540 b, from the NASA Exoplanet Archive (found 2020). Measured: 0.674 Earth masses, 0.0122 AU, a 3216 K M-type star. Composition inferred from a measured bulk density of 0.92x Earth's, which is rock and iron, with a day locked to its 1.2-day year, as anything orbiting this close would be.

Surface. Rocky surface with impact craters, possible volcanic features

Rocky Terrestrial
Life unlikely — too hot for liquid waterMagnetic FieldLow Activity
TOI-540 b is dominated by silicate (24.8%) and iron (12.4%) content, forming a rocky terrestrial body.
Rocky terrestrial planets are primarily composed of silicate rocks and metals. They're the most common type of small planet in the universe.
Classification Criteria:
✓ Silicon: 24.8% + Iron: 12.4% + Magnesium: 3.7%✓ Mass: 0.7x Earth (terrestrial range)

Reading TOI-540 b’s atmosphere

Dominant elements: O, Si, Fe, N, H, CThis is what a telescope would measure while TOI-540 b crosses in front of its star: starlight passes through the atmosphere and spreads into a rainbow band. Each dark line marks a wavelength the atmosphere absorbed.Every element absorbs its own signature wavelengths — hydrogen always darkens the same two spots, calcium another pair, and so on. Astronomers match the lines in a real spectrum against a library of these signatures to say what an atmosphere is made of, light-years away, without ever visiting. A deeper line generally means more of that element is present.TOI-540 b sits about 46 light-years away, found by the transit method. Most catalogued distances trace back to parallax: as Earth orbits the Sun, a nearby star appears to shift very slightly against the distant background stars, and the size of that shift gives its distance directly.
Further reading
ExoplanetsSara Seager (editor)The field's standard reference: how planets are found, how they form, and what their atmospheres are made of.The Planet FactoryElizabeth TaskerHow planets are made, and why so few of them come out like Earth.The Little Book of ExoplanetsJoshua WinnHow these worlds are found, and what a measurement can honestly tell us.Exoplanets: Diamond Worlds, Super Earths, Pulsar PlanetsMichael Summers & James TrefilThe strange end of the catalogue — carbon worlds, molten rock, planets orbiting dead stars.
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Habitability ScoreUninhabitable
8
Contributing Factors
temperature5
Scorching - hot enough to melt lead, though rock stays solid; no chance for life
atmosphere70

Thin CO₂ and nitrogen atmosphere

Nitrogen atmosphere provides protection but not breathable
water8
Limited water content - boiling away, little would be retained
magnetic Field100
Magnetic field provides radiation protection
geology60
Some geological activity provides slow nutrient cycling
Organic Chemistry80
Core organic elements (CHNO) present
rotation100
Optimal rotation period - balanced day/night cycle, moderate weather, and good heat distribution

Physical Properties

Mass
0.67x Earth (4.03e+24 kg)
Radius
0.88x Earth (5,586 km)
This planet: 0.88× Earth radiusEarth: 1× (baseline)
Surface Gravity
0.88x Earth (8.6 m/s²)
Surface Temperature
618 K (345 °C / 653 °F)
Rotation Period
29.8 hours/day (slower than Earth)
This planet: 30 h/dayEarth: 24 h/day

Time Dilation

Clocks run 11.5 seconds per year slower than deep space — about 15 minutes over a lifetime

Elemental Composition

A dark ringed planet hanging over the horizon of a rocky moon, its rings lit by a distant sun

New: Stand on Your Moons 🌒

A planet's surface view isn't the only ground any more. Press the surface button on a planet with moons and it asks where to stand: the planet itself, or any moon still in orbit, each tagged with what it became — ocean, ice, carbon, volcanic. Every moon gets its own ground and sky from its own physics: airless rock under a black sky, ice cracked by geysers over a hidden sea, sulfur plains shaking with eruptions, or orange haze you can't see the sun through. And hanging over the horizon, there's the planet you built.

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