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Entering orbit…
Habitability
32/ 100
Extremely Harsh
GJ 1061 b rendered in TerraForge from its measured mass, orbit and star

GJ 1061 b

Also written GJ 1061b

Rocky Terrestrial12 light years awayFound 2020
Mass
1.11 × Earth
Radius
1.04 × Earth
Gravity
1.03 g
Surface (est.)
395 K
Year
3.2 days
From Earth
12 ly
Mass
1.11 × Earth
Radius
1.04 × Earth
Gravity
1.03 g
Surface (est.)
395 K
Year
3.2 days
From Earth
12 ly

GJ 1061 system

Type
M-type (Red Dwarf)
Spectral type
M5.5 V
Temperature
2,953 K
Radius
0.156 ☉
Mass
0.12 ☉
Planets
3
Luminosity
1.70e-3 ☉

Published by the NASA Exoplanet Archive. This world’s temperature and habitability score are computed from this star’s measured luminosity, not from a stand-in for its class.

GJ 1061 b0.021 AUYou are here1.1 M⊕
GJ 1061 c0.034 AU1.8 M⊕
GJ 1061 d0.054 AU1.7 M⊕
Habitable zone

Star and planets drawn to scale: the star is 16 times as wide as GJ 1061 b, so only its edge is in view. Orbits spaced as in the star system view.

Estimated: this planet doesn't transit its star, so its size is inferred, not measured

GJ 1061 b is the innermost of three rocky-sized planets around GJ 1061, a small red dwarf about 12 light-years away and one of the 20 nearest stars to the Sun. It orbits every 3.21 days. It was found together with its siblings GJ 1061 c and d by the Red Dots team, led by Stefan Dreizler, who watched the star nightly for three months in 2018 with the HARPS spectrograph in Chile.

Surface. Rocky surface with impact craters, possible volcanic features

Rocky Terrestrial
Life unlikely — too hot for liquid waterMagnetic FieldModerate Activity
GJ 1061 b is dominated by silicate (25.0%) and iron (12.5%) content, forming a rocky terrestrial body.
Rocky terrestrial planets are primarily composed of silicate rocks and metals. They're the most common type of small planet in the universe.
Classification Criteria:
✓ Silicon: 25.0% + Iron: 12.5% + Magnesium: 3.8%✓ Mass: 1.1x Earth (terrestrial range)

Reading GJ 1061 b’s atmosphere

Dominant elements: O, Si, Fe, N, C, HThis is what a telescope would measure while GJ 1061 b crosses in front of its star: starlight passes through the atmosphere and spreads into a rainbow band. Each dark line marks a wavelength the atmosphere absorbed.Every element absorbs its own signature wavelengths — hydrogen always darkens the same two spots, calcium another pair, and so on. Astronomers match the lines in a real spectrum against a library of these signatures to say what an atmosphere is made of, light-years away, without ever visiting. A deeper line generally means more of that element is present.GJ 1061 b sits about 12 light-years away, found by the radial velocity method. Most catalogued distances trace back to parallax: as Earth orbits the Sun, a nearby star appears to shift very slightly against the distant background stars, and the size of that shift gives its distance directly.
Further reading
ExoplanetsSara Seager (editor)The field's standard reference: how planets are found, how they form, and what their atmospheres are made of.The Planet FactoryElizabeth TaskerHow planets are made, and why so few of them come out like Earth.The Little Book of ExoplanetsJoshua WinnHow these worlds are found, and what a measurement can honestly tell us.Exoplanets: Diamond Worlds, Super Earths, Pulsar PlanetsMichael Summers & James TrefilThe strange end of the catalogue — carbon worlds, molten rock, planets orbiting dead stars.
As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases — if you buy through these links, TerraForge may receive a small commission at no extra cost to you.
Habitability ScoreExtremely Harsh
32
Contributing Factors
temperature14
Extremely hot - hostile to known life forms
atmosphere70

Thin CO₂ and nitrogen atmosphere

Nitrogen atmosphere provides protection but not breathable
water46
Limited water content - likely as steam
magnetic Field100
Magnetic field provides radiation protection
geology90
Active geology recycles nutrients and drives carbon cycle
Organic Chemistry80
Core organic elements (CHNO) present
rotation65
Slow rotation - significant day/night temperature variations, but life can adapt

Physical Properties

Mass
1.11x Earth (6.63e+24 kg)
Radius
1.04x Earth (6,597 km)
This planet: 1.04× Earth radiusEarth: 1× (baseline)
Surface Gravity
1.04x Earth (10.2 m/s²)
Surface Temperature
395 K (122 °C / 252 °F)
Rotation Period
77.0 hours/day (slower than Earth)
This planet: 77 h/dayEarth: 24 h/day

Time Dilation

Clocks run 6.7 seconds per year slower than deep space — about 9 minutes over a lifetime

Elemental Composition

How TerraForge built this world

GJ 1061 b, from the NASA Exoplanet Archive (found 2020). Measured: 1.11 Earth masses, 0.021 AU, a 2953 K M-type star. Composition inferred from an estimated bulk density of 0.99x Earth's, modeled rather than measured since this isn't a transiting planet — the radius is the archive's estimate, so it can't settle how much water there is; read as rock and iron, with a day locked to its 3.2-day year, as anything orbiting this close would be.

A dark ringed planet hanging over the horizon of a rocky moon, its rings lit by a distant sun

New: Stand on Your Moons 🌒

A planet's surface view isn't the only ground any more. Press the surface button on a planet with moons and it asks where to stand: the planet itself, or any moon still in orbit, each tagged with what it became — ocean, ice, carbon, volcanic. Every moon gets its own ground and sky from its own physics: airless rock under a black sky, ice cracked by geysers over a hidden sea, sulfur plains shaking with eruptions, or orange haze you can't see the sun through. And hanging over the horizon, there's the planet you built.

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